Rust
Self Introduction
1. Who am I?
2. Who are you?
Introduction to Rust
1. Why Rust?
2. Why Rust - Performance
3. What is written in Rust?
4. Why Rust - Reliability
5. Why Rust - Productivity
6. Major features of Rust
7. Rust Jobs
8. Memory allocation
9. Rust Books
10. Crates (3rd party libraries)
11. Rust exercises with feedback
12. Podcast, newsleter
13. Other Rust learning resources
14. Rust in other languages
15. Articles about Rust
16. Rust community
17. Demo None handling
18. Demo Option to handle None
19. Demo None handling with Option
20. Error handling
21. Demo error handling with Result
22. Demo error handling with Result and question mark
23. Error handling
Hello World
1. Install Rust
2. Editor and IDE
3. Hello World
4. Hello World with Cargo
5. Cargo build
6. Run in release mode
7. Use of macros with parentheses, square brackets, or curly braces
8. Rust and comments
9. Rust - Hello Foo
10. Interpolation
11. Printing a variable
12. Printing a variable fixed
13. Debugging print
14. Rust and print
15. Exercise: Hello World
Variables
1. Variables are immutable
2. Number in a mutable variable
3. Literal strings in variables are immutable
4. Literal string in a mutable variable can be replaced
5. A really mutable string
6. A literal string cannot be changed
7. Cannot change the type of a variable
8. Redeclare immutable variable - Shadowing
9. Redeclare immutable variable and change type - Shadowing
Convert string to number
1. Convert string to (integer) number - parse, turbofish
2. Convert string to number that ends with newline
3. Convert string to number after removing whitespaces
4. Convert string to float
Command line arguments - ARGS intro
1. Command line arguments - args
2. Exercise: Rectangle ARGS
3. Exercise: Circle ARGS
4. Exercise: basic math operations
5. Solution: Rectangle ARGS
6. Solution: Circle ARGS
7. Solution: basic math operations
Development tools
1. Code formatting
2. Clippy
3. Extreme Clippy
4. Cargo audit
5. Cargo watch
6. Pre-commit hook
7. Continuous Integration
Use libraries
1. Using the Standard library
2. Using a single value from the Standard library
3. Use (import) a name higher up in the hierarchy
4. Using a library with an alias
5. TODO: Crate library and use local library
Rust types
1. Rust Types
2. Rust infers the type of variables
3. Showing type
4. Print type of variable
Numbers
1. Rust numerical types
2. Numerical operations on integers
3. Divide integers and get float
4. Rust type mismatch in numerical operation
5. Increment integers - augmented assignment
6. unfit in i8 - compile time
7. unfit in i8 - run time - overflow
8. How to find code that might overflow / underflow?
9. Handle overflow and underflow - saturating
10. Handle overflow and underflow - checked
11. Handle overflow and underflow - overflowing
12. Handle overflow and underflow - carrying
13. Handle overflow and underflow - strict
14. Compare integers
15. Compare integers in and if-statement
16. Exponent - power
17. Exponent protecting against overflow - checked_pow, saturating_pow
18. Square root (sqrt)
19. Square root of integer numbers
20. Floating point imprecision
21. Compare floating point numbers
22. rounding float
23. Compare floating point numbers by rounding
24. Approximately compare floating point numbers
25. NaN - Not a Number
26. Infinite floating point numbers
27. Complex numbers
28. Functions and test adding numbers
29. Exercise: Rectangle ARGS with protection
30. Exercise: Rectangle add tests
31. Exercise: Circle add tests
32. Solution: Rectangle ARGS with protection
Constants
1. Rust constants
2. Constant shadowing
Characters
1. Single character
Random
1. Using 3rd party libraries
2. Random module
STDIN
1. Rust - read input from STDIN
2. Rust - read STDIN - remove trailing newline (trim, chomp)
3. Rust - flush STDOUT - read STDIN
4. Get number from STDIN
5. Get number from STDIN - same variable
6. Get number (i32) in using a function
7. Exercise: STDIN rectangle
8. Exercise: STDIN circle
9. Exercise: STDIN calculator
10. Solution STDIN rectangle
11. Solution: STDIN calculator
Loops in Rust
1. Three types of loops in Rust
2. While loop in Rust
3. Rust: loop with break
4. break returns value from loop
5. for loop in Rust
Conditional operation and boolean values in Rust
1. Conditional: if
2. Conditional: if - else
3. Conditional: else - if
4. Avoid the comparison chain using match
5. Rust: boolean values true and false
6. Assign result of conditional to variable
7. Rust: other types don't have true/false values
8. Toggle
9. if-else returns a value
10. Conditional (Ternary) operator
11. match
12. match all the numbers of an integer type
13. match all the numbers of a float type
14. match with conditions
15. Exercise: one-dimensional space-fight
16. Solution: one-dimensional space-fight
Arrays in Rust
1. Arrays in Rust
2. Rust array of numbers, length of array
3. Array of strings - access element by index
4. Array of structs
5. Array iterate on elements
6. Rust array iterate over idices
7. Rust array iterate indices and elements with enumerate
8. Rust arrays are not mutable
9. Make the Rust array mutable
10. Creating an array with the same value
11. Exercise: Count digits
12. Solution: Count digits
Option
1. The Option enum
2. Create Option
3. Checked rectangle
4. Get language function returning Option
Strings in Rust
1. Create a String
2. Create empty string and grow it using push and push_str
3. Length of string
4. Capacity of string
5. Strings and memory allocation
6. Rust - string ends with
7. Rust - string starts with
8. To lower, to upper case
9. Accessing characters in a string
10. Rust - string slices
11. Rust - string characters
12. Iterate over the characters of a string
13. Rust - reverse string
14. Concatenation str with str
15. Concatenation String with String
16. Concatenation String with String (clone)
17. Concatenation String with str
18. Concatenate strings using format!
19. concat
20. Split string
21. Split string on whitespace
22. Split on newlines - use lines
23. Append to string with push_str
24. Create String from literal string using to_string
25. Str and String equality
26. String notes
27. String replace all
28. String replace limited times
29. String replace range
30. Function to combine two strings
31. Ownership and strings
32. Slice and change string
33. Compare strings
34. Is one string in another string - contains?
35. Embed double quotes in string
36. Remove leading and trailing whitespace
37. Remove extra whitespace from string
38. String is alphabetic or alphanumeric
39. Compare memory address (pointer)
40. Exercise: Count digits from string
41. Exercise: concatenate strings
42. Exercise: is it a palindrome?
43. Exercise: is it an anagram?
44. Exercise: Get nth double character
45. Exercise: get first word
46. Solution: Count digits from string
Command line arguments - ARGS
1. Command line arguments - print all args
2. Command line program with a single file parameter
3. Exercise: calucaltor args
4. Solution: calucaltor args
5. Default value on the command line
6. Default path - return PathBuf
Tuples in Rust
1. Rust tuple - fixed-sizes, mixed, ordered collection
2. Define the types in the tuple
3. Change tuple (mutable)
4. Create tuple with types, but without values
5. Destructuring tuple
6. The empty tuple is called the unit
7. One element tuple
8. Enumerate over vector uses tuples
9. Return multiple values from a function
struct
1. Create simple struct
2. Change attributes of a mutable struct
3. Implement a method for a struct
4. Struct method to modify fields
5. Struct inheritance
6. Struct composition: Circle
7. Struct composition: Line
8. Struct with vector of structs - Polygon
9. Printing struct fails
10. Print struct - implement Display
11. Debug struct - implement Debug
12. Derive Debug for struct
13. Struct with vector and optional value
14. Printing and debug-printing simple struct
15. Use a tuple as a struct to represent color
16. Add method to tuple-based struct
17. Struct with method
18. Structs and circural references
19. new method with default values for struct
20. The new method has no special feature
21. Default values
22. Empty string and zero as default values
23. Derived Default values
24. Default for composite struct
25. Compare structs for Equality
26. Compare structs for Equality - manual implementation
27. Compare structs for partial equality - PartialEq
28. Compare structs for ordering (sorting) - Ord
29. Compare structs for partial ordering (sorting) - PartialOrd
30. Manually implement ordering
31. Copy attributes from struct instance
32. Drop - destructor
33. Exercise - struct for contact info
34. Solution - struct for contact info
35. Read from a file and return a struct
36. Converting between types: The From and Into traits
37. From and Into for String and &str
38. Implementing the From trait for 2D and 3D point structs
39. Other: Struct and type alias - Polygon
40. Other: Struct duplicate
41. Other: Multiple referene to a struct
42. Other: Print struct (Point)
43. Other: Debug struct (Point)
Vectors in Rust
1. Fixed vector of numbers
2. Iterate over elements of vector using for-loop
3. Mutable vector of numbers, append (push) values
4. Mutable empty vector for numbers (push)
5. Mutable empty vector for strings
6. Mutable empty vector with type definition
7. Mutable vector of strings
8. Remove the last element using pop, reduce capacity
9. Stack and the capacity of a vector
10. Extend vectors of numbers (combining two vectors)
11. Extend vector of Strings (combining two vectors)
12. Append vector of Strings (moving over elements)
13. Split string into iterator
14. Split string into vector
15. Sort vector of numbers
16. Sort vector of strings using sorting condition
17. Exercise: Median
18. Exercise: ROT13
19. Solution: Median
20. Solution: ROT13
21. Convert vector of chars to String
22. Vector of tuples
23. Vector of structs
24. Vector of structs - change value
25. Join elements of vector into a string
26. Join vector of integers
27. Maximum value of a vector
28. Longest or shortest string in a vector
29. Change vector of numbers using map
30. Update values in vector of structs using map
31. map is lazy
32. map is lazy that can cause problems
33. filter numbers
34. filter numbers iter into
35. filter numbers by named function
36. filter string
37. Two references to the same vector
38. Filter vector of structs (cloning)
39. Convert vector of structs to vector of references
40. Filter vector of structs without copy
41. Combine filter and map into filter_map
42. Accessing the last element of a vector
43. Insert element in vector
44. Vector with optional values - None or out of range?
45. Vector with optional values
46. Vector length and capacity
47. References to numbers
48. Queue
49. Iterate over both index and value of a vector (enumerate)
50. Create vector of strings from array of str using from_iter
51. Memory allocation of vector of numbers
52. Memory allocation of vector of strings
53. Exercise: Count words using two vectors
54. Solution: Count words using two vectors
HashMap in Rust
1. What is a HashMap?
2. Create empty HashMap, insert key-value pairs
3. Create immutable hash with data
4. Check if hash contains key (key exists)
5. Get value from hash
6. Iterate over keys of a hash
7. Iterate over key-value pairs in a Hash
8. Rust hash update value
9. Rust update values in a hash - count words
10. Remove element from hash
11. Accessing values
12. Split string create hash
13. Create hash from key-value pairs after split
14. Read key-value pairs from file
15. Sort vector of hashes
16. Mapping structs based on more than one key
17. Mapping structs based on more than one key from a vector
18. Create hash from vector of tuple pairs
19. Hash of vectors in Rust
20. Add items to a hash of vectors using a function
21. Integers as keys of a HashMap
22. Tuples as keys of a HashMap
23. Structs as keys of a HashMap
24. Merge HashMaps (extend)
25. Merge two HashMaps adding the values
26. Merge two HashMaps adding the values implemented as a function
27. Merge two HashMaps adding the values in a function
28. Convert HashMap to vector of tuples and sort by key or by value
29. Other: Add method to HashMap that sums the values
Enums
1. Why enums
2. Enum to represent exit status
3. Enum to represent exit code
4. Enumeration of the 7 days of the week
5. Enumeration with non-exhaustive patterns
6. Enumeration and manual comparision
7. Enumeration and order
8. Enumeration colors - functions and String
9. Enumeration colors - functions and str
10. Enumeration colors - with method
11. Enumeration colors - with constructor
12. Enumerate without PartialEq using match
13. Struct using enum
14. Exercise: enum for programming languages
15. Solution: enum for programming languages
16. The Result enum
17. Iterate over the variants of an enum
Files
1. Rust - write to file
2. Rust - read content of a file as a string
3. Rust - read file line-by-line
4. Rust - read file line-by-line with row number (enumerate)
5. Rust - counter
6. Rust list content of directory
7. Rust list directory content recursively (tree)
8. Makedir
9. Makedirs
10. Get the temporary directory
11. Create temporary directory
12. Current working directory
13. Change directory
14. Append to file
15. Show size of file
16. du - disk usage
17. Error handling in file operations
18. Exercise count digits in file
19. Exercise - wc (word count)
20. Exercise - simple grep
21. Exercise - du (disk usage)
22. Solution: count digits in file
Path
1. Return vector of Path or PathBuf
2. Convert the PathBuf to String to compare
3. get file extension
4. file extension
5. parent directory
6. directory ancestors (parent directories)
7. directory ancestor (n level)
8. join pathes
9. basename (file_name)
10. Relative and absolute path
11. List content of a directory - listdir
12. List dir recursively
Functions
1. Rust main function
2. Rust hello world function
3. Rust function with parameter (&str)
4. Rust functions return the unit by default
5. Rust function return value (integer i32)
6. Return the last expression (no return)
7. Return a string
8. Rust recursive functions: factorial
9. Rust recursive functions: Fibonacci
10. Make function argument mutable inside the function
11. Cannot decalre the same function twice
12. Pass by reference to change external variable - Increment in a function
13. Count digits using functions
14. Function returning multiple values
15. Function accepting multiple types (e.g. any type of numbers)
16. Function that can accept any number (any integer or any float)
17. Exercise rectangle functions
18. Exercise: is prime?
19. Scoped functions
Variable ownership in Rust
1. Stack and Heap
2. Integers are copies
3. Passing integers to functions and returning integer
4. Mutable integers are copies
5. Immutable integers are copies
6. Pass integer to function return changed value
7. Pass mutable reference of integer to function
8. Literal string
9. Literal string in mutable variable
10. Passing literal string to function
11. Mutable string in immutable variable
12. Mutable string
13. Move strings
14. Move mutable string
15. Rust clone a String
16. Rust ownership - borrow String
17. Pass ownership of String to function
18. Borrow String when passing to a function
19. Borrow &str when passing String to a function
20. Rust function to change string
21. Rust function to change integer (i32)
22. Lifetime annotation
23. Change vector of structs
24. Try to return &str from function
25. Exercise: concatenate file content
26. Pass vector to function
Date and Time
1. Measure elapsed time
2. Duration
3. Instant sleep Duration
4. Handle time (using the time crate)
Modules
1. Function in the main.rs file
2. Module defined in the main.rs file
3. Module in other file
4. Modules and enums
5. Modules and structs
Crates
1. Create a crate
Sets
1. HashSet
2. Basic Set operations in Rust
3. Union and bitor
4. Difference
Lifetime
1. Lifetime elision rules
2. Function receiving and returning one reference
3. Function receiving two and returning one reference
4. Exercise: longest string
5. Exercise: lifetime
Iterators
1. Iterate over vector of numbers
2. Alternatively, we could create an iterator using the iter method
3. Count number of elements of an iterator
4. Iterator: all the elements
5. Iteration moves values
6. Iterator that restarts
7. Circular Iterator that restarts
8. Create a simple iterator to count up to a number
9. Create a simple iterator to count boundless
10. Iterate over files in current directory
11. Iterate over files in current directory calling next
12. Iterator to walk directory tree
13. Mutable iterator
14. Take the first N elements of an iterator
15. Skip the first N elements of an iterator
16. Skip and take from an iterator
17. Counting the number of iterations - count vs collect-len
18. Exercise: Iterator for the Fibonacci series
19. Solution: Iterator for the Fibonacci series
20. Iter strings
21. Non-circular iterators
Advanced Functions
1. Pass function as argument - hello world
2. Pass function with parameter as an argument
3. Dispatch table - Calculator
4. Dispatch table - Calculator
5. Generic functions to add numbers
6. Generic functions to add numbers using where clause
7. Exercise: generic function
8. Exercise: call the add function for two points
9. Exercise: Implement function to repeate a string
10. Solution: Implement function to repeate a string
11. Solution: call the add function for two points
DateTime with Chrono
1. Chrono now
2. Elapsed time
3. Date and time arithmetic
4. Compare chrono dates
5. Format DateTime
6. Parse string to datetime
Testing
1. Testing a library crate
2. Test coverage report with tarpaulin
3. Test a function in a crate
4. Show STDOUT and STDERR during testing
5. Testing with temporary directory passed as an environment variable (test in a single thread RUST_TEST_THREADS)
6. Testing with temorary directory passed in a thread-local variable
7. Testing crates
8. Parametrization of tests
9. Rust testing setup and teardown fixtures
TOML
1. Reading a TOML file
2. Parsing TOML values
Execute and run external commands
1. The external program we'll run
2. Run external programs
3. Run external program combining parameters
4. Run a command provided as a string
5. Run external command in another directory